4. Image getcolors

See: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/reference/Image.html#PIL.Image.Image.getcolors

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4.1. Getcolors

Use the Image.getcolors(maxcolors=256) method to return an unsorted list of (count, pixel) values used in the image.

The colors will be in the image’s mode. For example, an RGB image will return a tuple of (red, green, blue) color values, and a P image will return the index of the color in the palette.

maxcolors - Maximum number of colors. If this number is exceeded, this method returns None.

from PIL import Image

with Image.open("shapes/box.png") as im:
    print(im.getcolors())
    # [(52144, (255, 255, 255, 0)), (13392, (255, 127, 39, 255))]